<title>STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR</title> <body bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <hr> <center> <h1>STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR</h1> </center> <hr> <p> These three file pointers are automatically defined when a program executes and provide access to the keyboard and screen. <p> <h2>stdin</h2> By default <b>stdin</b> accesses the keyboard. Functions that read stdin include... <ul> <li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/gets.html>gets</a> <li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/getchar.html>getchar</a> </ul> The following functions can access <b>stdin</b> <ul> <li>fgets <li>fgetc <li>fscanf </ul> <a href=../EXAMPLES/stdin.c><img src=../../GRAPHICS/computer.gif></a> stdin example program. <h2>stdout</h2> stdout sends data to the screen. Functions that write to stdout include.... <ul> <li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/printf.html>printf</a> <li><a href=../FUNCTIONS/puts.html>puts</a> <li>putchar </ul> <h2>stderr</h2> stderr also writes to the screen. If you are using a Unix based system the data sent to stdout and stderr can be seperated and sent to different places. Functions that could write to stderr include... <ul> <li>fprintf <li>fputs </ul> <hr> <p> <center> <table border=2 width=80% bgcolor=ivory> <tr align=center> <td width=25%> <a href="../cref.html" target="_top">Top</a> </td><td width=25%> <a href="../master_index.html" target="_top">Master Index</a> </td><td width=25%> <a href="../SYNTAX/keywords.html" target="_top">C Keywords</a> </td><td width=25%> <a href="../FUNCTIONS/funcref.htm" target="_top">Functions</a> </td> </tr> </table> </center> <p> <hr> If you wish to create file pointers to perform I/O to other devices you should use <a href=../FUNCTIONS/fopen.html>fopen</a> <hr> <address>Martin Leslie <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- // document.write(document.lastModified); // --> </script> </address><p>