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<TITLE>close</TITLE>
<body bgcolor="#ffffcc">
<hr>
<pre>
<h3>CLOSE(2) Linux Programmer's Manual CLOSE(2)
</h3>
<h3>NAME
</h3> close - close a file descriptor
<h3>SYNOPSIS
</h3> #include <unistd.h>
int close(int fd);
<h3>DESCRIPTION
</h3> close closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer
refers to any file and may be reused.
If fd is the last copy of a particular file descriptor the
resources associated with it are freed; for example any
locks held are removed and if the descriptor was the last
reference to a file which has been removed using unlink
the file is deleted.
<h3>RETURN VALUE
</h3> close returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred.
<h3>ERRORS
</h3> EBADF fd isn't a valid open file descriptor.
<h3>CONFORMING TO
</h3> SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
<h3>NOTES
</h3> Not checking the return value of close is a common but
nevertheless serious programming error. File system
implementations which use techniques as ``write-behind''
to increase performance may lead to write(2) succeeding,
although the data has not been written yet. The error
status may be reported at a later write operation, but it
is guaranteed to be reported on closing the file. Not
checking the return value when closing the file may lead
to silent loss of data. This can especially be observed
with NFS and disk quotas.
</pre>
<hr>
<h3>SEE ALSO
</h3><p>
<a href=../FUNCTIONS/open.html>open</a>,
<a href=fcntl.htm>fcntl</a>,
<a href=shutdown.htm>shutdown</a>,
<a href=unlink.htm>unlink</a>,
<pre>
February 18, 1995 1
</pre>
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