perf-help(1)
============
NAME
----
perf-help - display help information about perf
SYNOPSIS
--------
'perf help' [-a|--all] [COMMAND]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'perf'
command and a list of the most commonly used perf commands are printed
on the standard output.
If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
printed on the standard output.
If a perf command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
Note that `perf --help ...` is identical to `perf help ...` because the
former is internally converted into the latter.
OPTIONS
-------
-a::
--all::
Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
option supersedes any other option.
PERF
----
Part of the linkperf:perf[1] suite
='hidden' name='id' value='030305d69fc6963c16003f50d7e8d74b02d0a143'/>
PCI/ASPM: Handle PCI-to-PCIe bridges as roots of PCIe hierarchies
In a struct pcie_link_state, link->root points to the pcie_link_state of
the root of the PCIe hierarchy. For the topmost link, this points to
itself (link->root = link). For others, we copy the pointer from the
parent (link->root = link->parent->root).
Previously we recognized that Root Ports originated PCIe hierarchies, but
we treated PCI/PCI-X to PCIe Bridges as being in the middle of the
hierarchy, and when we tried to copy the pointer from link->parent->root,
there was no parent, and we dereferenced a NULL pointer:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000090
IP: [<ffffffff9e424350>] pcie_aspm_init_link_state+0x170/0x820
Recognize that PCI/PCI-X to PCIe Bridges originate PCIe hierarchies just
like Root Ports do, so link->root for these devices should also point to
itself.
Fixes: 51ebfc92b72b ("PCI: Enumerate switches below PCI-to-PCIe bridges")
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193411
Link: https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1022181
Tested-by: lists@ssl-mail.com
Tested-by: Jayachandran C. <jnair@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.2+