Tools: ////// The toolkit is split into small, useful utilities that are or are not necessarily related to each other. Each program for itself fills a gap as a helper in your daily network debugging, development or audit. *netsniff-ng* is a high-performance network analyzer based on packet mmap(2) mechanisms. It can record pcap files to disc, replay them and also do an offline and online analysis. Capturing, analysis or replay of raw 802.11 frames are supported as well. pcap files are also compatible with tcpdump or Wireshark traces. netsniff-ng processes those pcap traces either in scatter-gather I/O or by mmap(2) I/O. *trafgen* is a high-performance network traffic generator based on packet mmap(2) mechanisms. It has its own flexible, macro-based low-level packet configuration language. Injection of raw 802.11 frames are supported as well. trafgen has a significantly higher speed than mausezahn and comes very close to pktgen, but runs from user space. pcap traces can also be converted into a trafgen packet configuration. *mausezahn* is a performant high-level packet generator that can run on a hardware-software appliance and comes with a Cisco-like CLI. It can craft nearly every possible or impossible packet. Thus, it can be used, for example, to test network behaviour under strange circumstances (stress test, malformed packets) or to test hardware-software appliances for several kind of attacks. *bpfc* is a Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) compiler that understands the original BPF language developed by McCanne and Jacobson. It accepts BPF mnemonics and converts them into kernel/netsniff-ng readable BPF ``opcodes''. It also supports undocumented Linux filter extensions. This can especially be useful for more complicated filters, that high-level filters fail to support. *ifpps* is a tool which periodically provides top-like networking and system statistics from the Linux kernel. It gathers statistical data directly from procfs files and does not apply any user space traffic monitoring that would falsify statistics on high packet rates. For wireless, data about link connectivity is provided as well. *flowtop* is a top-like connection tracking tool that can run on an end host or router. It is able to present TCP, UDP(lite), SCTP, DCCP, ICMP(v6) flows that have been collected by the kernel's netfilter connection tracking framework. GeoIP and TCP/SCTP/DCCP state machine information is displayed. Also, on end hosts flowtop can show PIDs and application names that flows relate to as well as aggregated packet and byte counter (if available). No user space traffic monitoring is done, thus all data is gathered by the kernel. *curvetun* is a lightweight, high-speed ECDH multiuser VPN for Linux. curvetun uses the Linux TUN/TAP interface and supports {IPv4,IPv6} over {IPv4,IPv6} with UDP or TCP as carrier protocols. Packets are encrypted end-to-end by a symmetric stream cipher (Salsa20) and authenticated by a MAC (Poly1305), where keys have previously been computed with the ECDH key agreement protocol (Curve25519). *astraceroute* is an autonomous system (AS) trace route utility. Unlike traceroute or tcptraceroute, it not only display hops, but also their AS information they belong to as well as GeoIP information and other interesting things. On default, it uses a TCP probe packet and falls back to ICMP probes in case no ICMP answer has been received. /cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/log/include/net/netns/ipv4.h?h=nds-private-remove&id=1a0bee6c1e788218fd1d141db320db970aace7f0'>ipv4.h
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