//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

                    netsniff-ng - the packet sniffing beast

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                                         .      .
netsniff-ng is a free, performant       /(      )\
Linux network analyzer and            .' {______} '.
networking toolkit. If you will,       \ ^,    ,^ /
the Swiss army knife for network        |'O\  /O'|   _.<0101011>--
packets.                                > `'  '` <  /
                                        ) ,.==., (  |
Web: http://netsniff-ng.org          .-(|/--~~--\|)-'
                                    (      ___
The gain of performance is           \__.=|___E 
reached by built-in zero-copy
mechanisms, so that on packet reception and transmission the kernel does not
need to copy packets from kernel space to user space, and vice versa.

The netsniff-ng toolkit's primary usage goal is to facilitate a network
developer's / hacker's daily Linux plumbing. It can be used for network
development, debugging, analysis, auditing or network reconnaissance. It
consists of the following fixed set of utilities:

  * netsniff-ng: a zero-copy packet analyzer, pcap capturing/replaying tool
  * trafgen: a multithreaded low-level zero-copy network packet generator
  * mausezahn: high-level packet generator for HW/SW appliances with Cisco-CLI
  * ifpps: a top-like kernel networking and system statistics tool
  * curvetun: a lightweight curve25519-based multiuser IP tunnel
  * astraceroute: an autonomous system trace route and DPI testing utility
  * flowtop: a top-like netfilter connection tracking tool
  * bpfc: a Berkeley Packet Filter compiler with Linux extensions

Each release can be verified with Git and GPG, here are the steps to do so:

 1) Import the maintainers public keys:
   git show maint-tklauser-pgp-pub | gpg --import
   git show maint-dborkman-pgp-pub | gpg --import
 2) Verify the Git tag:
   git tag -v <tag-name>

Carefully read the INSTALL document for the next steps in building netsniff-ng.
Note that the toolkit is still quite young and under heavy development, not
yet feature complete and in a quality level where we're satisfied with (i.e.
for mausezahn). However, we're on a good way towards tackling all these goals.

The netsniff-ng toolkit is an open source project covered by the GNU General 
Public License, version 2.0. For any questions or feedback about netsniff-ng
you are welcome to leave us a message at <netsniff-ng@googlegroups.com>.

netsniff-ng is non-profit and provided in the hope, that it is found useful.
The current project status can be considered as "working". In general, all tools
have been tested by us to a great extend including their command-line options.
In fact, many of our tools are used in a lot of production systems. However, we
give no guarantee that our tools are free of bugs! If you spot some issues,
contact us as described in REPORTING-BUGS. Also, have a look at our online FAQ
for answering your questions. This project has received support from companies
and institutions listed in Sponsors. Thanks for contributing, we're thrilled
to provide you with netsniff-ng! Happy packet hacking!
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<tr><th>author</th><td>Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;</td><td class='right'>2016-04-16 15:16:07 -0700</td></tr>
<tr><th>committer</th><td>Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;</td><td class='right'>2016-04-18 13:43:02 -0700</td></tr>
<tr><th>commit</th><td colspan='2' class='oid'><a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/commit/Documentation/arm?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24'>67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24</a> (<a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/patch/Documentation/arm?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24'>patch</a>)</td></tr>
<tr><th>tree</th><td colspan='2' class='oid'><a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/tree/?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24'>bf77d422b16306ba9fdcf2f7e1f340a409f8a0f6</a> /<a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/tree/Documentation/arm?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24'>Documentation/arm</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>parent</th><td colspan='2' class='oid'><a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/commit/Documentation/arm?id=2e572599139d27db3aaf540b0d34f0a4f58dfca1'>2e572599139d27db3aaf540b0d34f0a4f58dfca1</a> (<a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/diff/Documentation/arm?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24&amp;id2=2e572599139d27db3aaf540b0d34f0a4f58dfca1'>diff</a>)</td></tr></table>
<div class='commit-subject'>devpts: clean up interface to pty drivers</div><div class='commit-msg'>This gets rid of the horrible notion of having that

    struct inode *ptmx_inode

be the linchpin of the interface between the pty code and devpts.

By de-emphasizing the ptmx inode, a lot of things actually get cleaner,
and we will have a much saner way forward.  In particular, this will
allow us to associate with any particular devpts instance at open-time,
and not be artificially tied to one particular ptmx inode.

The patch itself is actually fairly straightforward, and apart from some
locking and return path cleanups it's pretty mechanical:

 - the interfaces that devpts exposes all take "struct pts_fs_info *"
   instead of "struct inode *ptmx_inode" now.

   NOTE! The "struct pts_fs_info" thing is a completely opaque structure
   as far as the pty driver is concerned: it's still declared entirely
   internally to devpts. So the pty code can't actually access it in any
   way, just pass it as a "cookie" to the devpts code.

 - the "look up the pts fs info" is now a single clear operation, that
   also does the reference count increment on the pts superblock.

   So "devpts_add/del_ref()" is gone, and replaced by a "lookup and get
   ref" operation (devpts_get_ref(inode)), along with a "put ref" op
   (devpts_put_ref()).

 - the pty master "tty-&gt;driver_data" field now contains the pts_fs_info,
   not the ptmx inode.

 - because we don't care about the ptmx inode any more as some kind of
   base index, the ref counting can now drop the inode games - it just
   gets the ref on the superblock.

 - the pts_fs_info now has a back-pointer to the super_block. That's so
   that we can easily look up the information we actually need. Although
   quite often, the pts fs info was actually all we wanted, and not having
   to look it up based on some magical inode makes things more
   straightforward.

In particular, now that "devpts_get_ref(inode)" operation should really
be the *only* place we need to look up what devpts instance we're
associated with, and we do it exactly once, at ptmx_open() time.

The other side of this is that one ptmx node could now be associated
with multiple different devpts instances - you could have a single
/dev/ptmx node, and then have multiple mount namespaces with their own
instances of devpts mounted on /dev/pts/.  And that's all perfectly sane
in a model where we just look up the pts instance at open time.

This will eventually allow us to get rid of our odd single-vs-multiple
pts instance model, but this patch in itself changes no semantics, only
an internal binding model.

Cc: Eric Biederman &lt;ebiederm@xmission.com&gt;
Cc: Peter Anvin &lt;hpa@zytor.com&gt;
Cc: Andy Lutomirski &lt;luto@amacapital.net&gt;
Cc: Al Viro &lt;viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk&gt;
Cc: Peter Hurley &lt;peter@hurleysoftware.com&gt;
Cc: Serge Hallyn &lt;serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com&gt;
Cc: Willy Tarreau &lt;w@1wt.eu&gt;
Cc: Aurelien Jarno &lt;aurelien@aurel32.net&gt;
Cc: Alan Cox &lt;gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk&gt;
Cc: Jann Horn &lt;jann@thejh.net&gt;
Cc: Greg KH &lt;greg@kroah.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Slaby &lt;jslaby@suse.com&gt;
Cc: Florian Weimer &lt;fw@deneb.enyo.de&gt;
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@linux-foundation.org&gt;
</div><div class='diffstat-header'><a href='/cgit.cgi/linux/net-next.git/diff/?id=67245ff332064c01b760afa7a384ccda024bfd24'>Diffstat</a> (limited to 'Documentation/arm')</div><table summary='diffstat' class='diffstat'>