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+<TITLE>access</TITLE>
+<body bgcolor="#ffffcc">
+<hr>
+<pre>
+
+
+
+<h3>ACCESS(2) Linux Programmer's Manual ACCESS(2)
+</h3>
+
+<h3>NAME
+</h3> access - check user's permissions for a file
+
+<h3>SYNOPSIS
+</h3> #include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
+
+ int access(const char *pathname, int mode);
+
+<h3>DESCRIPTION
+</h3> access checks whether the process would be allowed to
+ read, write or test for existence of the file (or other
+ file system object) whose name is pathname.
+
+ mode is a mask consisting of one or more of R_OK, W_OK,
+ X_OK and F_OK.
+
+ R_OK, W_OK and X_OK request testing for reading, writing
+ and executing the file, respectively. F_OK requests
+ checking whether merely testing for the existence of the
+ file would be allowed (this depends on the permissions of
+ the directories in the path to the file, as given in path-
+ name.)
+
+ The check is done with the process's real uid and gid,
+ rather than with the effective ids as is done when actu-
+ ally attempting an operation. This is to allow set-UID
+ programs to easily determine the invoking user's author-
+ ity.
+
+ Only access bits are checked, not the file type or con-
+ tents. Therefore, if a directory is found to be
+ "writable," it probably means that files can be created in
+ the directory, and not that the directory can be written
+ as a file. Similarly, a DOS file may be found to be "exe-
+ cutable," but the execve(2) call will still fail.
+
+<h3>RETURN VALUE
+</h3> On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned,
+ and errno is set appropriately.
+
+<h3>ERRORS
+</h3> EACCES The requested access would be denied, either to
+ the file itself or one of the directories in path-
+ name.
+
+ EFAULT pathname points outside your accessible address
+ space.
+
+ EINVAL mode was incorrectly specified.
+
+ ENAMETOOLONG
+ pathname is too long.
+
+ ENOENT A directory component in pathname would have been
+
+
+
+<h3>Linux 1.1.46 21 August 1994 1
+</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>ACCESS(2) Linux Programmer's Manual ACCESS(2)
+</h3>
+
+ accessible but does not exist or was a dangling
+ symbolic link.
+
+ ENOTDIR A component used as a directory in pathname is
+ not, in fact, a directory.
+
+ ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
+
+ ELOOP pathname contains a reference to a circular sym-
+ bolic link, i.e., a symbolic link containing a
+ reference to itself.
+
+<h3>CONFORMING TO
+</h3> SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
+
+</pre>
+<hr>
+<h3>SEE ALSO
+</h3><p>
+<a href=stat.htm>stat</a>,
+<a href=open.htm>open</a>,
+<a href=chmod.htm>chmod</a>,
+<a href=chown.htm>chown</a>,
+<a href=setuid.htm>setuid</a>,
+<pre>
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+<h3>Linux 1.1.46 21 August 1994 2
+</h3>
+
+ </pre>
+<P>
+<hr>
+<p>
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