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+<TITLE>close</TITLE>
+<body bgcolor="#ffffcc">
+<hr>
+<pre>
+
+
+
+<h3>CLOSE(2) Linux Programmer's Manual CLOSE(2)
+</h3>
+
+<h3>NAME
+</h3> close - close a file descriptor
+
+<h3>SYNOPSIS
+</h3> #include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
+
+ int close(int fd);
+
+<h3>DESCRIPTION
+</h3> close closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer
+ refers to any file and may be reused.
+
+ If fd is the last copy of a particular file descriptor the
+ resources associated with it are freed; for example any
+ locks held are removed and if the descriptor was the last
+ reference to a file which has been removed using unlink
+ the file is deleted.
+
+<h3>RETURN VALUE
+</h3> close returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred.
+
+<h3>ERRORS
+</h3> EBADF fd isn't a valid open file descriptor.
+
+<h3>CONFORMING TO
+</h3> SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
+
+<h3>NOTES
+</h3> Not checking the return value of close is a common but
+ nevertheless serious programming error. File system
+ implementations which use techniques as ``write-behind''
+ to increase performance may lead to write(2) succeeding,
+ although the data has not been written yet. The error
+ status may be reported at a later write operation, but it
+ is guaranteed to be reported on closing the file. Not
+ checking the return value when closing the file may lead
+ to silent loss of data. This can especially be observed
+ with NFS and disk quotas.
+
+</pre>
+<hr>
+<h3>SEE ALSO
+</h3><p>
+<a href=../FUNCTIONS/open.html>open</a>,
+<a href=fcntl.htm>fcntl</a>,
+<a href=shutdown.htm>shutdown</a>,
+<a href=unlink.htm>unlink</a>,
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ February 18, 1995 1
+
+
+ </pre>
+<P>
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