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|
<html>
<head>
<title>C Functions - Quick Ref</title>
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<hr>
<p>
This is a summary of
<a href="../glossary.html#ansi">ANSI</a> and
<a href="../glossary.html#posix">POSIX</a> functions grouped by library. If you want an alphabetical
list, please use the <a href="../master_index.html">master index</a>.
Please refer
to a manual for a complete list of functions available to you.
<p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#headers">ANSI standard library.</a>
<li><a href="#posix">POSIX library.</a>
<li><a href="#NONANSI">Non Standard functions from CONIO.H</a>
<li><a href="#NONANSIUNIX">Non ANSI Standard Unix functions</a>
<li><a href="#USER">User written functions.</a>
<li><a href="arglists.html">Variable length argument lists.</a>
</ul>
<p>
<hr>
<a name="ANSI">
<a name="headers">
<h2>ANSI standard library.</h2>
The ANSI library is declared in the following header files.
<p>
<table border=2 width=100% bgcolor=ivory>
<tr align=center><td>
<a href="#assert">assert.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#ctype">ctype.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#errno">errno.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#float">float.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#limits">limits.h</a>
</td>
</tr><tr align=center>
<td>
<a href="#locale">locale.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#math">math.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#setjmp">setjmp.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#signal">signal.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#stdarg">stdarg.h</a>
</td>
</tr><tr align=center>
<td>
<a href="#stddef">stddef.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#stdio">stdio.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#stdlib">stdlib.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#string">string.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#time">time.h</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<a name=posix>
<hr>
<h2>POSIX library</h2>
The <a href="../glossary.html#posix">POSIX</a> library contains
the following headers.
<p>
<table border=2 width=100% bgcolor=ivory>
<tr align=center><td>
<a href="#cpio">cpio.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#dirent">dirent.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#fcntl">fcntl.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#grp">grp.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#pwd">pwd.h</a>
</td>
</tr><tr align=center>
<td>
<a href="#stat">sys/stat.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#times">sys/times.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#types">sys/types.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#utsname">sys/utsname.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#wait">sys/wait.h</a>
</td>
</tr><tr align=center>
<td>
<a href="#tar">tar.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#termios">termios.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#unistd">unistd.h</a>
</td><td>
<a href="#utime">utime.h</a>
</td><td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<dl compact>
<hr>
<h2>ANSII Library headers</h2>
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<dt><h2>assert.h</h2>
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<dt><h2>ctype.h</h2>
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<h2>errno.h</h2>
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<! FLOAT.H >
<a name=float>
<dt><hr>
<dt><h2>float.h</h2>
No functions are <a href="../SYNTAX/functions.html#2.2">declared</a> in stddef.h.
<! ----------------------------------------------------------- >
<! LIMITS.H >
<a name=limits>
<dt><hr>
<dt><h2>limits.h</h2>
No functions are <a href="../SYNTAX/functions.html#2.2">declared</a> in stddef.h.
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<a name=locale>
<dt><hr>
<dt><h2>locale.h</h2>
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<dt><h2>setjmp.h</h2>
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<dt><h2>signal.h</h2>
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<dt><h2>stdarg.h</h2>
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See also <a href=#stdio>vprintf vfprintf and vsprintf</a> which all print the contents of a va_list
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<! STDDEF.H >
<a name=stddef>
<dt><hr>
<dt><h2>stddef.h</h2>
No functions are <a href="../SYNTAX/functions.html#2.2">declared</a> in stddef.h.
<! ----------------------------------------------------------- >
<! --- Not complete. master index to be done >
<! STDIO.H >
<a name=stdio>
<dt><hr>
<h2>stdio.h</h2>
This header defines all the ANSI I/O functions that allow you to read
and write to files and devices.
<a href="../MISC/io.html#low">Low level</a> (non ANSI) functions are also available.
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Line("whiteball", "strncpy.html", "strncpy", "Copy part of a string.");
Line("whiteball", "strpbrk.html", "strpbrk", "");
Line("whiteball", "strchr.html", "strrchr", "Search for a character in a string.");
Line("man", "../MAN/strspn.htm", "strspn", "");
Line("whiteball", "strstr.html", "strstr", "Search a string for a substring.");
Line("whiteball", "strtok.html", "strtok", "The books say this function splits a string into tokens. I think its function is best described as parsing a string.");
Line("whiteball", "time.html", "strxfrm", "");
</script>
<! ----------------------------------------------------------- >
<! TIME.H >
<! --- Should be complete. master index done >
<a name=time>
<dt><hr>
<dt><h2>time.h</h2>
<script>
Line("man", "../MAN/asctime.htm", "asctime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/clock.htm", "clock", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/asctime.htm", "ctime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/difftime.htm", "difftime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/asctime.htm", "gmtime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/asctime.htm", "localtime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/asctime.htm", "mktime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/strftime.htm", "strftime", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/time.htm", "time", "");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/time.c", "Example", "program using some of the time functions.");
</script>
<dt><hr>
<h2>POSIX functions start here....</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=cpio>
<dt><hr>
<h2>cpio.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=dirent>
<dt><hr>
<h2>dirent.h</h2>
<script>
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "opendir", "Open a directory.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "closedir", "Close a directory.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "readdir", "Read a directory entry.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "rewinddir", "Return to the beginning of a directory.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "scandir", "Scan a directory for a matching entry.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "seekdir", "Move to an offset in a directory.");
Line("whiteball", "directory.html", "telldir", "Return the location within a directory.");
</script>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=fcntl>
<dt><hr>
<h2>fcntl.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=grp>
<dt><hr>
<h2>grp.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=pwd>
<dt><hr>
<h2>pwd.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=stat>
<dt><hr>
<h2>sys/stat.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=times>
<dt><hr>
<h2>sys/times.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=types>
<dt><hr>
<h2>sys/types.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=utsname>
<dt><hr>
<h2>sys/utsname.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=wait>
<dt><hr>
<h2>sys/wait.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=tar>
<dt><hr>
<h2>tar.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=termios>
<dt><hr>
<h2>termios.h</h2>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=unistd>
<dt><hr>
<h2>unistd.h</h2>
It seems that this library contains headers for many functions that originally came with the ANSII
standard library but did not have headers.
<b>My documentation for this POSIX library is incomplete.</b>
<script>
Line("man", "../MAN/access.htm", "access", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/alarm.htm", "alarm", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/chdir.htm", "chdir", "Change the current working directory.");
Line("man", "../MAN/chown.htm", "chown", "Change the ownership of a file.");
Line("whiteball", "../FUNCTIONS/close.html", "close", "Close a file (see <a href=\"../MISC/io.html#low\">low level functions</a>)");
Line("man", "../MAN/chroot.htm", "chroot", "Change the root directory I am not 100% sure this is supposed to be in unistd.");
Line("man", "../MAN/ctermid.htm", "ctermid", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/cuserid.htm", "cuserid", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/dup2.htm", "dup", "duplicate a file descriptor");
Line("man", "../MAN/dup2.htm", "dup2", "duplicate a file descriptor");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execl", "");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execle", "");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execlp", "");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execv", "");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execve", "");
Line("whiteball", "execl.html", "execvp", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/chdir.htm", "fchdir", "Change the current working directory.I am not 100% sure this is supposed to be in unistd.");
Line("whiteball", "fork.html", "fork", "Create a child process.");
Line("man", "../MAN/pathconf.htm", "fpathconf", "Change the current working directory.I am not 100% sure this is supposed to be in unistd.");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "getegid", "Get the group ID of the process.");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "geteuid", "Get the User ID of the process.");
Line("man", "../MAN/gethostname.htm", "gethostname", "Name of the host (see <a href=\"#uname\">uname</a>). Not 100% sure this is in unistd");
Line("whiteball", "../MAN/getopt.html", "getopt,", "parse the command line Not 100% sure this is in unistd.");
Line("man", "../MAN/getgid.htm", "getgid", "Get a group ID.");
Line("man", "../MAN/getgroups.htm", "getgroups", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/getlogin.htm", "getlogin", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/getpgrp.htm", "getpgrp", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/getpid.htm", "getpid", "get process ID.");
Line("man", "../MAN/getpid.htm", "getppid,", "get parent process ID.");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "getuid", "Get the User ID of the process.");
Line("man", "../MAN/isatty.htm", "isatty", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/link.htm", "link", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/lseek.htm", "lseek", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/mkdir.htm", "mkdir", "Make a directory");
Line("whiteball", "open.html", "open", "Open a file");
Line("man", "../MAN/fpathconf.htm", "pathconf", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/pause.htm", "pause", "Put the program to sleep.");
Line("whiteball", "pipe.html", "pipe", "");
Line("whiteball", "read.html", "read", "Read a file descriptor.");
Line("man", "../MAN/rename.htm", "rename", "Rename a file. This function can also be found in the ANSI stdio library. MAN PAGE.");
Line("man", "../MAN/rmdir.htm", "rmdir", "Remove a directory");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "setgid", "Set the Group ID of the process.");
Line("man", "../MAN/setpgid.htm", "setpgid", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/setsid.htm", "setsid", "");
W("<a name=setuid>");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "setuid", "Set the User ID of the process.");
W("<a name=sleep>");
Line("whiteball", "../MAN/sleep.htm", "sleep", "Pause for a required number of seconds.");
Line("man", "../MAN/sysconf.htm", "sysconf", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/tcgetpgrp.htm", "tcgetpgrp", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/tcgetpgrp.htm", "tcsetpgrp", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/ttyname.htm", "ttyname", "");
Line("man", "../MAN/unlink.htm", "unlink", "Remove a file");
Line("whiteball", "write.html", "write", "Write to a file descriptor.");
</script>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name=utime>
<dt><hr>
<h2>utime.h</h2>
<dt><hr>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name="NONANSI">
<dt><hr>
<h2>conio.h</h2>
Dos Specific functions in conio.h Not very portable as conio.h
is NOT in the ANSI standard library and does not
appear on the Sun or Linux machines.
<p>
<script>
Line("whiteball", "clrscr.html", "clrscr", "Clear screen");
Line("whiteball", "", "getch", "Get a character from the keyboard.");
Line("whiteball", "", "getche", "Get a character from the keyboard.");
</script>
</dl>
<hr><hr>
<a name="NONANSIUNIX">
<h2>Non ANSI Standard Unix Functions.</h2>
These functions are not in the ANSI standard libraries but are handy
all the same.
<p>
<dl compact>
<script>
Line("whiteball", "#dirent", "dirent.h", "Functions performing actions on directories");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/statfs.c", "statfs", "Filesystem statistics.");
Line("whiteball", "#unistd", "unistd.h", "");
Line("whiteball", "#hotchpotch", "Ungrouped functions.", "");
</script>
</dl>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
</dl>
<! -------------------------------------------------->
<a name="hotchpotch">
<hr>
<h2>Ungrouped functions</h2>
<dl compact>
<script>
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "endpwent", "");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "fgetpwent", "");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "getpw", "Get a password entry.");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "getpwent", "Get a password entry.");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "getpwnam", "Get a record by keying on the user name.");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "getpwuid", "Get a record by keying on the UID (numeric).");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "getuidx", "Get the User ID of a process (RS/6000 only).");
Line("whiteball", "strchr.html", "index", "Search for a character in a string (Use <a href=#strchr>strchr</a> to conform to the ANSI standard).");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "putpwent", "");
Line("whiteball", "pclose.html", "pclose", "Close a pipe.");
Line("whiteball", "popen.html", "popen", "Open a Unix pipe.");
Line("whiteball", "env.html", "putenv", "Change or create an environmental variable.");
Line("whiteball", "env.html", "setenv", "Change or create an environmental variable.");
Line("whiteball", "passwd.html", "setpwent", "");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "setreuid", "Set the ID of the process calling process.");
Line("whiteball", "stat.html", "stat", "Get status information on files (modification time, file size etc).");
W("<a name=uname>");
Line("whiteball", "uname.html", "uname", "Get information about the machine we are running on.");
Line("whiteball", "env.html", "unsetenv", "Remove an environmental variable.");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "setuidx", "Set the User ID of the process (RS/6000 only).");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "setegid setrgid", "Set the Group ID of the process.");
W("<a name=setuid>");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "seteuid setruid", "Set the User ID of the process.");
Line("whiteball", "setuid.html", "getruid", "Get the User ID of the process.");
Line("whiteball", "../SYNTAX/sizeof.html", "sizeof", "Return the storage allocation for a <a href=../CONCEPT/data_types.html>data type.</a>This is actually an operator! I have put it in here as it looks like a function and so you will probably look for it here....");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/sizeof.c", "example", "showing the size of data types");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/sizeof1.c", "example", "showing the size of data objects.");
<dt>
<hr>
<a name="USER">
<hr>
<h2>User written functions <br>(and a few lifted from books)</h2>
<hr>
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/clrscr.c", "clrscr.", "Clear the screen using VT escape sequence.");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/convesc.c", "convesc.", "Insert escape codes into a text string.");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/basename.c", "basename.", "Strip directory information from a Unix file name.");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/printenv.c", "printenv.", "List the environmental variables.");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/lenstr.c", "lenstr", "User written version of <a href=strlen.html>strlen</a>", "");
Line("computer", "../EXAMPLES/reverse.c", "reverse", "Reverse characters in a string.");
<!-- Start of footer. -->
</dl>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<center>
<table border=2 width=80% bgcolor="ivory">
<tr align=center>
<td width="25%">
<a href="../cref.html"> Top</a>
</td><td width="25%">
<a href="../master_index.html"> Master Index</a>
</td><td width="25%">
<a href="../SYNTAX/keywords.html"> Keywords</a>
</td><td width="25%">
<a href="funcref.htm"> Functions</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p>
<hr>
<address>Martin Leslie
</address><p>
</body>
</html>
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