path: root/staging/mausezahn.c

/*
 * netsniff-ng - the packet sniffing beast
 * Mausezahn, a fast versatile traffic generator
 * Copyright 2008, 2009, 2010 Herbert Haas.
 * Subject to the GPL, version 2.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <libnet.h>
#include <pcap/pcap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
 
#include "mz.h"
#include "cli.h"
#include "mops.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "llist.h"
#include "die.h"
#include "dev.h"

enum operating_modes mode;

int ipv6_mode;
int quiet;           // don't even print 'important standard short messages'
int verbose;         // report character
int simulate;        // if 1 then don't really send frames

char path[256];
char filename[256];
FILE *fp, *fp2;             // global multipurpose file pointer

long double total_d;
clock_t mz_start, mz_stop;

int mz_rand;
int bwidth;

int32_t
  jitter[TIME_COUNT_MAX];

int
  rtp_log,
  time0_flag,        // If set then time0 has valid data
  sqnr0_flag;

u_int8_t
  mz_ssrc[4];     // holds RTP stream identifier for rcv_rtp()

u_int16_t
  sqnr_cur,
  sqnr_last,
  sqnr_next;

u_int32_t
  gind,      // a global index to run through deltaRX, deltaTX, and jitter
  gind_max;  // the amount of entries used in the (ugly oversized) arrays; per default set to TIME_COUNT

struct tx_struct tx;  // NOTE: tx elements are considered as default values for MOPS

struct device_struct device_list[MZ_MAX_DEVICES];

int device_list_entries;

int verbose_level = 0;

char mz_default_config_path[256];
char mz_default_log_path[256];

static const char *short_options = "46hqvVSxra:A:b:B:c:d:E:f:F:l:p:P:R:t:T:M:Q:X:";

static void signal_handler(int number)
{
	clean_up(number);
}

void  clean_up(int sig)
{
	int i;
	struct arp_table_struct *cur, *next;
	
	if (!quiet) fprintf(stderr, "\nMausezahn cleans up...\n");
	
	if (fp != NULL) {
		verbose_l1(" close files (1) ...\n");

		fflush(fp);
		fclose(fp);
	}
   
	if (fp2!=NULL) {
		if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, " close files (2) ...\n");
		(void) fflush(fp2);
		(void) fclose(fp2);
	}

	// interactive mode?
	if (mz_port) { 
		if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, " clear mops list...\n");
		mops_cleanup(mp_head);
		if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, " clear automops list...\n");
		automops_cleanup(amp_head);
		if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, " clear packet sequences...\n");
		mz_ll_delete_list(packet_sequences);
	}

	for (i=0; i<device_list_entries; i++) {
		if (device_list[i].p_arp!=NULL) {
			pcap_close(device_list[i].p_arp);
			fprintf(stderr, " stopped ARP process for device %s\n", device_list[i].dev);
		}
		if (device_list[i].arprx_thread!=0) {
			pthread_cancel(device_list[i].arprx_thread);
			if (verbose) 
				fprintf(stderr, " (ARP thread for device %s done)\n", device_list[i].dev);
		}
		
		if (device_list[i].arp_table!=NULL) {
			cur=device_list[i].arp_table;
			while (cur!=NULL) {
				next = cur->next;
				if (cur!=NULL) free(cur);
				cur=next;
			}
		}
		
		// close packet sockets
		if (device_list[i].ps>=0) { 
			close(device_list[i].ps);
		}
		
	}

	if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, "finished.\n");
	exit(sig);
}


static void help(void)
{
	printf("\nmausezahn %s, a fast versatile traffic generator\n", VERSION_STRING);
	puts("http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n"
	     "Usage: mausezahn [options] [interface] <keyword>|<arg-string>|<hex-string>\n"
	     "Options:\n"
	     "  -x <port>             Interactive mode with telnet CLI, default port: 25542\n"
	     "  -l <ip>               Listen address to bind to when in interactive mode, default: 0.0.0.0\n"
	     "  -4                    IPv4 mode (default)\n"
	     "  -6                    IPv6 mode\n"
	     "  -R <PRIO>             Set socket priority\n"
	     "  -c <count>            Send packet count times, default:1, infinite:0\n"
	     "  -d <delay>            Apply delay between transmissions. The delay value can be\n"
	     "                        specified in usec (default, no additional unit needed), or in\n"
	     "                        msec (e.g. 100m or 100msec), or in seconds (e.g. 100s or 100sec)\n"
	     "  -r                    Multiplies the specified delay with a random value\n"
	     "  -p <length>           Pad the raw frame to specified length (using random bytes)\n"
	     "  -a <srcmac|keyword>   Use specified source mac address, no matter what has\n"
	     "                        been specified with other arguments; keywords see below,\n"
	     "                        Default is own interface\n"
	     "  -b <dstmac|keyword>   Same with destination mac address; keywords:\n"
	     "     rand               Use a random MAC address\n"
	     "     bc                 Use a broadcast MAC address\n"
	     "     own                Use own interface MAC address (default for source MAC)\n"
	     "     stp                Use IEEE 802.1d STP multicast address\n"
	     "     cisco              Use Cisco multicast address as used for CDP, VTP, or PVST+\n"
	     "  -A <srcip>            Use specified source IP address (default is own interface IP)\n"
	     "  -B <dstip|dnsname>    Send packet to specified destination IP or domain name\n"
	     "  -P <ascii payload>    Use the specified ASCII payload\n"
	     "  -f <filename>         Read the ASCII payload from a file\n"
	     "  -F <filename>         Read the hexadecimal payload from a file\n"
	     "  -Q <[CoS:]vlan>       Specify 802.1Q VLAN tag and optional Class of Service, you can\n"
	     "                        specify multiple 802.1Q VLAN tags (QinQ...) by separating them\n"
	     "                        via a comma or a period (e.g. '5:10,20,2:30')\n"
	     "  -t <packet-type|help> Specify packet type for autobuild (you don't need to care for\n"
	     "                        encapsulations in lower layers, most packet types allow/require\n"
	     "                        additional packet-specific arguments in an <arg-string>;\n"
	     "                        Currently supported types: arp, bpdu, cdp, ip, icmp, udp, tcp,\n"
	     "                        dns, rtp, syslog, lldp and more;\n"
	     "                        For context-help use 'help' as <arg-string>!\n"
	     "  -T <packet-type>      Specify packet type for server mode, currently only rtp is supported;\n"
	     "                        Enter -T help or -T rtp help for further information\n"
	     "  -M <MPLS-label>       Insert a MPLS label, enter '-M help' for a syntax description\n"
	     "  -V|VV|...             Verbose and more verbose mode\n"
	     "  -q                    Quiet mode, even omit 'important' standard short messages\n"
	     "  -S                    Simulation mode: DOES NOT put anything on the wire, this is\n"
	     "                        typically combined with one of the verbose modes (v or V)\n"
	     "  -v                    Show version\n"
	     "  -h                    Print this help\n\n"
	     "Examples:\n"
	     "  mausezahn -x 99\n"
	     "  mausezahn -c 0 -d 2s -t bpdu conf\n"
	     "  mausezahn -t cdp change -c 0\n"
	     "  mausezahn -t syslog sev=3 -P \"You have been mausezahned.\" -A 10.1.1.109 -B 192.168.7.7\n"
	     "  mausezahn eth0 -A rand -B 1.1.1.1 -c 0 -t tcp \"dp=1-1023, flags=syn\"\n\n"
	     "Note:\n"
	     "  This tool is targeted for network developers! You should\n"
	     "  be aware of what you are doing and what these options above\n"
	     "  mean! Only use this tool in an isolated LAN that you own!\n\n"
	     "Please report bugs to <bugs@netsniff-ng.org>\n"
	     "Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Herbert Haas <herbert@perihel.at>,\n"
	     "Copyright (C) 2011 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>,\n"
	     "Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n"
	     "License: GNU GPL version 2.0\n"
	     "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
	     "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n");
	die();
}

static void version(void)
{
	printf("\nmausezahn %s, Git id: %s\n", VERSION_LONG, GITVERSION);
	puts("a fast versatile traffic generator\n"
	     "http://www.netsniff-ng.org\n\n"
	     "Please report bugs at https://github.com/netsniff-ng/netsniff-ng/issues\n"
	     "Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Herbert Haas <herbert@perihel.at>,\n"
	     "Copyright (C) 2011 Daniel Borkmann <dborkma@tik.ee.ethz.ch>,\n"
	     "Swiss federal institute of technology (ETH Zurich)\n"
	     "License: GNU GPL version 2.0\n"
	     "This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
	     "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n");
	die();
}

int reset(void)
{
   int i;
   time_t t;

   mz_default_config_path[0] = 0x00;
   mz_default_log_path[0] = 0x00;

   // Reset globals:
   quiet = 0;
   ipv6_mode = 0;
   verbose = 0;
   simulate = 0;
   filename[0] = '\0';
   path[0] = '\0';
   gind=0;
   gind_max = TIME_COUNT;
   fp = NULL;
   fp2 = NULL;
   mz_port = 0;
   mz_rand = 0;
   char mz_listen_addr[16] = "0.0.0.0";
   mp_head = NULL;

   for (i=0;i<TIME_COUNT_MAX;i++) jitter[i] = 0;      

   time0_flag = 0; // If set then time0 has valid data
   sqnr0_flag = 0; // If set then sqnr_last and sqnr_next has valid data
   rtp_log = 0;
   mz_ssrc[0]=0; mz_ssrc[1]=0; mz_ssrc[2]=0; mz_ssrc[3]=0;

   // Reset mgmt parameters of TX:
   tx.packet_mode = 1;     // assume we don't care about L2
   tx.count = 1;  
   tx.delay = DEFAULT_DELAY;      
   tx.prio = 0;
   tx.arg_string[0] = '\0';
   
   // Reset Ethernet parameters of TX:
   tx.eth_params_already_set = 0;
   for (i=0; i<6; i++)   tx.eth_dst[i] = 0xff;
   for (i=0; i<6; i++)   tx.eth_src[i] = 0; // TODO: Get own MAC !!!
   tx.eth_dst_txt[0] = '\0';
   tx.eth_src_txt[0] = '\0';
   tx.eth_dst_rand = 0;
   tx.eth_src_rand = 0;
   
   tx.eth_type = 0x800;
   tx.eth_len = 0;
   tx.eth_payload[0] = '\0';
   tx.eth_payload_s = 0;
   tx.padding = 0;

   // Reset CDP parameters for TX:
   tx.cdp_sum  = 0;
   tx.cdp_version = 0;
   tx.cdp_ttl = 0;
   tx.cdp_payload[0] = '\0';
   tx.cdp_payload_s = 0;
   tx.cdp_tlv_id[0] = '\0';
   tx.cdp_tlv_id_len = 0;
   
   // Reset 802.1Q parameters of TX:
   tx.dot1Q=0;           
   tx.dot1Q_txt[0] = '\0';

   // ASCII Payload:
   tx.ascii = 0;                       // 1 if specified
   tx.ascii_payload[0]= '\0';

   // HEX Payload:
   tx.hex_payload_s = 0;
   
   // Reset MPLS parameters of TX:
   tx.mpls = 0;
   tx.mpls_txt[0] = '\0';
   tx.mpls_label = 0;
   tx.mpls_exp = 0;
   tx.mpls_bos = 1;
   tx.mpls_ttl = 255;
   tx.mpls_verbose_string[0] = '\0';
   
   // Reset IP parameters of TX:
   tx.ip_src_txt[0] = '\0';
   tx.ip_src_rand = 0;
   tx.ip_dst_txt[0] = '\0';
   tx.ip_src_isrange = 0;
   tx.ip_src_start = 0;
   tx.ip_src_stop = 0;
   memset(&tx.ip6_src_start, 0, sizeof(tx.ip6_src_start));
   memset(&tx.ip6_src_stop, 0, sizeof(tx.ip6_src_stop));
   
   tx.ip_dst_start = 0;
   tx.ip_dst_stop = 0;   
   memset(&tx.ip6_dst_start, 0, sizeof(tx.ip6_dst_start));
   memset(&tx.ip6_dst_stop, 0, sizeof(tx.ip6_dst_stop));
   tx.ip_dst_isrange = 0;

   tx.ip_ttl = 0;
   tx.ip_len = 0;
   tx.ip_payload[0]= '\0';
   tx.ip_payload_s = 0;
   tx.ip_option[0]= '\0';
   tx.ip_option_s = 0;

   // Reset ICMP parameters:
   tx.icmp_type=0;
   tx.icmp_code=0;
   tx.icmp_chksum=0;            // 0=autofill
   tx.icmp_ident=0x42;
   tx.icmp_sqnr=0x1;
   tx.icmp_payload_s=0;
   
   // Reset general L4 parameters:
   tx.sp = 0;
   tx.dp = 0;
   tx.sp_start = 0; 
   tx.sp_stop = 0;
   tx.dp_start = 0;
   tx.dp_stop = 0;
   tx.sp_isrange = 0;
   tx.dp_isrange = 0;

   // Reset UDP parameters of TX:
   
   tx.udp_len = 0;                    // If set to zero then create_udp_packet will calculate it
   tx.udp_sum = 0;
   tx.udp_payload[0] = '\0';
   tx.udp_payload_s = 0;
   
   // Reset TCP parameters of TX:

   tx.tcp_seq = 42;
   tx.tcp_seq_stop = 42;
   tx.tcp_seq_delta = 0;              // also used as 'isrange' meaning
   tx.tcp_ack = 42;
   tx.tcp_control = 0;
   tx.tcp_win = 10000;
   tx.tcp_sum = 0;
   tx.tcp_urg = 0;
   tx.tcp_len = 20;                   // Least size (TCP header only)
   tx.tcp_payload[0] = '\0';
   tx.tcp_payload_s = 0;

   // Reset RTP parameters of TX:
   tx.rtp_sqnr = 0;
   tx.rtp_stmp = 0;
   
   // Initialize random generator
   time(&t);
   srand((unsigned int)t);
   srand48(t);

   // Reset device_list
   for (i=0; i<MZ_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
	   device_list[i].arprx_thread = 0;
	   device_list[i].p_arp = NULL;
	   device_list[i].arp_table = NULL;
	   device_list[i].ps=-1;
	   device_list[i].cli=0;
	   device_list[i].mgmt_only=0;
   }

   return 0;
}

static void print_packet_types(void)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "\n"
	    MAUSEZAHN_VERSION
	    "\n"
	    "|  The following packet types are currently implemented:\n"
	    "|\n"
	    "|  arp            ... sends ARP packets\n"
	    "|  bpdu           ... sends BPDU packets (STP or PVST+)\n"
	    "|  cdp            ... sends CDP messages\n"
	    "|  ip             ... sends IPv4 packets\n"
	    "|  udp            ... sends UDP datagrams\n"
	    "|  tcp            ... sends TCP segments\n"
	    "|  icmp           ... sends ICMP messages\n"
	    "|  igmp           ... sends IGMP messages\n"
	    "|  dns            ... sends DNS messages\n"
	    "|  rtp            ... sends RTP datagrams\n"
	    "|  syslog         ... sends Syslog messages\n"
	    "|\n"
	    "| Of course you can build any other packet type 'manually' using the direct layer 2 mode.\n"
	    "| FYI: The interactive mode supports additional protocols. (Try mz -x <port>)\n"
	    "\n");

	die();
}

// Purpose: Properly handle arguments and configure global structs (tx)
int getopts (int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i, c, rargs, RX=0, count_set=0, delay_set=0;
	unsigned int time_factor;
	char *packet_type=NULL, *mops_type=NULL;
	char *dum;
	unsigned char *dum1, *dum2;
	bool do_help = false;

	libnet_t       *l;
	char err_buf[LIBNET_ERRBUF_SIZE];
	struct libnet_ether_addr *mymac;

	FILE *afp;
	char hexpld[MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE*2];
	int hexpld_specified=0;
	long delay;
	long prio;
	char unit;

	opterr = 1; // let getopt print error message if necessary


	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, short_options)) != -1)
		switch (c) {
		 case '4':
			tx.eth_type = 0x0800;
			ipv6_mode=0;
			break;
		 case '6':
			tx.eth_type = 0x86dd;
			ipv6_mode=1;
			break;
		 case 'R':
			errno = 0;
			prio = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
			if (errno) {
				perror("Couldn't parse priority");
				return -1;
			}
			if (prio < 0 || prio > 0xffffffff) {
				perror("Invalid priority value");
				return -1;
			}
			tx.prio = (int)prio;
			break;
		 case 'h':
			help();
			break;
		 case 'q':
			quiet=1;
			break;
		 case 'v':
			version();
			break;
		 case 'V':
			verbose++;
			break;
		 case 'S':
			simulate=1;
			break;
		 case 'x':
			mz_port = MZ_DEFAULT_PORT;
			break;
		 case 'l':
			strncpy (mz_listen_addr, optarg, sizeof(mz_listen_addr));
			break;
		 case 'a':
			strncpy (tx.eth_src_txt, optarg, 32);
			tx.packet_mode = 0;
			break;
		 case 'A':
			strncpy (tx.ip_src_txt, optarg, sizeof(tx.ip_src_txt));
			break;
		 case 'b':
			strncpy (tx.eth_dst_txt, optarg, 32);
			tx.packet_mode = 0;
			break;
		 case 'B':
			strncpy (tx.ip_dst_txt, optarg, sizeof(tx.ip_dst_txt));
			break;
		 case 'c':
			errno=0;
			tx.count = strtol(optarg, (char **)NULL, 10);
			if ((errno == ERANGE && (tx.count == LONG_MAX || tx.count == LONG_MIN))
			    || (errno != 0 && tx.count == 0)) {
				perror("strtol");
				return (-1);
			}
			if (tx.count<0) tx.count=1;	  //TODO: Allow count=0 which means infinity (need to update all send_functions)
			count_set=1;
			break;
		 case 'd': 
			errno=0;
			time_factor=0;
			delay=0;
			unit='u'; // default is usecs
			if (sscanf(optarg, "%ld%c", &delay, &unit) == EOF) {
				perror("sscanf");
				return (-1);
			}
			if (delay < 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, " Incorrect delay format\n");
				return(-1);
			}
			if (unit == 's') time_factor=1000000;      // seconds
			else if (unit == 'm') time_factor=1000;    // msecs
			else if (unit == 'u') time_factor=1;       // usecs
			else {
				fprintf(stderr, " Incorrect delay format\n");
				return(-1);
			}
			tx.delay = delay * time_factor;
			if ((errno == ERANGE && (tx.delay == LONG_MAX || tx.delay == LONG_MIN))
			    || (errno != 0 && tx.delay == 0)) {
				perror("strtol");
				return (-1);
			}
			if (tx.delay<0) tx.delay=0; // no delay
			delay_set=1;
			break;
		 case 'p':
			errno=0;
			tx.padding = strtol(optarg, (char **)NULL, 10);
			if ((errno == ERANGE && (tx.padding == LONG_MAX || tx.padding == LONG_MIN))
			    || (errno != 0 && tx.padding == 0))  {
				perror("strtol");
				return (-1);
			}
			if (tx.padding>10000) {
				fprintf(stderr, " Warning: Padding must not exceed 10000!\n");
				return -1;
			}
			break;
		 case 't':
			packet_type = optarg; // analyzed below
			if (strcmp(packet_type,"help") == 0)
				print_packet_types();
			break;
		 case 'X':
			mops_type = optarg; // MOPS TRANSITION STRATEGY -- analyzed below
			break;
		 case 'T':
			packet_type = optarg;
			RX = 1;
			break;
		 case 'r':
			mz_rand = 1;
			break;
		 case 'M':
			if (strncmp(optarg,"help",4)==0) {
				(void) get_mpls_params("help ");
			}
			else {	
				strncpy (tx.mpls_txt, optarg, 128);
				tx.eth_type = ETHERTYPE_MPLS;
				tx.packet_mode = 0;
				tx.mpls=1;
			}
			break;
		 case 'P':  // ASCII payload
			strncpy((char*)tx.ascii_payload,  optarg, MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
			tx.ascii = 1;
			break;
		 case 'f': // ASCII payload in FILE
			afp = fopen(optarg, "r");
			if (!afp) {
				fprintf(stderr, " mz/getopts: Can not open file %s. %s!\n", optarg, strerror(errno));
				return -1;
			}
			if (fgets((char*)tx.ascii_payload, MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE, afp) == NULL)
				fprintf(stderr, " mz/getopts: File empty?\n");
			fclose(afp);
			tx.ascii = 1;
			break;
		 case 'F': // HEX payload in FILE
			afp = fopen(optarg, "r");
			if (!afp) {
				fprintf(stderr, " mz/getopts: Can not open file %s. %s!\n", optarg, strerror(errno));
				return -1;
			}
			i=0;
			while ( (hexpld[i]=fgetc(afp))!=EOF ) {
				if (isspace(hexpld[i])) {
					hexpld[i]=':';
				}
				i++;
			}
			hexpld[i]='\0';
			fclose(afp);
			hexpld_specified=1;
			break;
		 case 'Q': // VLAN TAG
			if (strncmp(optarg,"help",4)==0) { 
				print_dot1Q_help(); // ugly but most simple and safe solution
			}
			else {
				strncpy (tx.dot1Q_txt, optarg, 32);
				tx.dot1Q=1;
				// determine number of VLAN tags
				for (i=0; i<strlen(tx.dot1Q_txt); i++) {
					if (tx.dot1Q_txt[i]==',') tx.dot1Q++; 
				}
				tx.packet_mode = 0;
			}
			break;
		 case '?':
			if ((optopt == 'a') || (optopt == 'b') || (optopt == 'c') ||
			    (optopt == 'd') || (optopt == 'f') || (optopt == 'p') ||
			    (optopt == 't') || (optopt == 'm'))
				fprintf (stderr, " mz/getopts: Option -%c requires an argument.\n", optopt);
			else if (isprint (optopt))
				fprintf (stderr, " mz/getopts: Unknown option -%c'.\n", optopt);
			else
				fprintf (stderr, " mz/getopts: Unknown option character \\x%x'.\n", optopt);
			return 1;
		 default:
			fprintf (stderr," mz/getopts: Could not handle arguments properly!\n");
			return 1;
		}
   
	// ********************************************
	//       Handle additional arguments
	// ********************************************
	// 
	// Greeting text
	if (verbose) {
		fprintf(stderr,"\n"
			MAUSEZAHN_VERSION
			"\n"
			"Use at your own risk and responsibility!\n"
			"-- Verbose mode --\n"
			"\n");
	}
   
	if (argc<2) {
		help();
	}
   
	if ((rargs=argc-optind)>2) {  // number of remaining arguments
		fprintf(stderr," mz/getopts: Too many arguments!\n");
		return -1;
	}

   
	// There can be 0-2 additional arguments
	switch (rargs) {
	 case 0: 
		if (lookupdev()) { // no device found
			if (verbose) fprintf(stderr, " mz: no active interfaces found!\n");
			strcpy(tx.device, "lo");
		}
		break;
	 case 1: // arg_string OR device given => find out!
		if (__device_ifindex(argv[optind]) > 0) {
			strncpy(tx.device, argv[optind], 16);
		}
		else { /// arg_string given => no device has been specified -- let's find one!
			strncpy (tx.arg_string, argv[optind], MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
			do_help = !!getarg(tx.arg_string,"help", NULL);
			if (!do_help) {
				if (lookupdev()) {
					/* no device found */
					if (verbose)
						fprintf(stderr, " mz: no active interfaces found!\n");
					strcpy(tx.device, "lo");
				}
				if (verbose)
					fprintf(stderr," mz: device not given, will use %s\n",tx.device);
			}
		}
		break;
	 case 2: // both device and arg_string given
		strncpy (tx.device, argv[optind], 16);
		strncpy (tx.arg_string, argv[optind+1], MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
		break;
	 default:
		fprintf(stderr," mz/getopts: Unknown argument problem!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	if (hexpld_specified) {
		strcat(tx.arg_string, ",p=");
		strcat(tx.arg_string, hexpld);
	}

   
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//
	// Initialize MAC and IP Addresses.
	// 
	// - tx.eth_src = own interface MAC 
	// - tx.ip_src  = own interface IP or user specified 
	// - tx.ip_dst  = 255.255.255.255 or user specified (can be a range)
	// - tx.ip_src_rand ... is set if needed.
	// 
   
	// Get own device MAC address:
	// Don't open context if only a help text is requested
	if  (!do_help && getarg(tx.arg_string,"help", NULL) !=1) {
		l = libnet_init (LIBNET_LINK_ADV, tx.device, err_buf );
		if (l == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, " mz/getopts: libnet_init() failed (%s)", err_buf);
			return -1;
		}
		mymac = libnet_get_hwaddr(l);
		for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
			tx.eth_src[i] = mymac->ether_addr_octet[i];
			tx.eth_mac_own[i] = mymac->ether_addr_octet[i];
		}

		// Set source IP address:
		if (strlen(tx.ip_src_txt)) { // option -A has been specified
			if (mz_strcmp(tx.ip_src_txt, "bcast", 2)==0) {
				if (ipv6_mode) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Option -A does not support 'bcast' when in IPv6 mode.\n");
					return 1;
				}
				tx.ip_src = libnet_name2addr4 (l, "255.255.255.255", LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
			} else if (strcmp(tx.ip_src_txt, "rand") == 0) {
				if (ipv6_mode) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Option -A does not support 'rand' when in IPv6 mode.\n");
					return 1;
				}
				tx.ip_src_rand = 1;
				tx.ip_src_h  = (u_int32_t) ( ((float) rand()/RAND_MAX)*0xE0000000); //this is 224.0.0.0
			}
			else if (
				(ipv6_mode && get_ip6_range_src(tx.ip_src_txt, l)) || // returns 1 when no range has been specified
				(!ipv6_mode && get_ip_range_src(tx.ip_src_txt))
				)
			{
				// name2addr{4,6} accepts a valid IP address or a FQDN:
				if (ipv6_mode) {
					tx.ip6_src = libnet_name2addr6(l, tx.ip_src_txt, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
					if (libnet_in6_is_error(tx.ip6_src)) {
						/* libnet_in6_is_error returns 1 for the valid IPv6 address
						* ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff. Use an additional inet_pton()
						* check to cover cases where this address is specified
						* as source
						*/
						struct in6_addr src_check;
						if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, tx.ip_src_txt, &src_check) != 1) {
							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set source"
							" IPv6 address. Please check if"
							" source is set to a valid IPv6 address.\n");
							return 1;
						}
					}
				} else {
					tx.ip_src = libnet_name2addr4(l, tx.ip_src_txt, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
					if (tx.ip_src == -1) {
						/* libnet_name2addr4() returns -1 for the valid address 255.255.255.255.
						* Use an additional inet_pton() check to cover case where this address
						* is specified as source
						*/
						struct in_addr src_check;
						if (inet_pton(AF_INET, tx.ip_src_txt, &src_check) != 1) {
							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set source"
								" IPv4 address. Please check if"
								" source is set to a valid IPv4 address.\n");
							return 1;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			// no source IP specified: by default use own IP address
			if (ipv6_mode) {
				tx.ip6_src = libnet_get_ipaddr6(l);
				if (strncmp((char*)&tx.ip6_src,(char*)&in6addr_error, sizeof(in6addr_error))==0)
					printf("Failed to set source IPv6 address: %s", l->err_buf);
			}
			else
				tx.ip_src = libnet_get_ipaddr4(l);
		}

		// Set destination IP address:
		if (strlen(tx.ip_dst_txt)) {  // option -B has been specified
			if (mz_strcmp(tx.ip_dst_txt, "rand", 2)==0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Option -B does not support random destination IP addresses currently.\n");
				return 1;
			}

			if (mz_strcmp(tx.ip_dst_txt, "bcast", 2)==0) {
				if (ipv6_mode) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Option -B does not support 'bcast' when in IPv6 mode.\n");
					return 1;
				}
				tx.ip_dst = libnet_name2addr4 (l, "255.255.255.255", LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
			} else if (
				(ipv6_mode && get_ip6_range_dst(tx.ip_dst_txt, l)) || // returns 1 when no range has been specified
				(!ipv6_mode && get_ip_range_dst(tx.ip_dst_txt)))
			{
				// name2addr{4, 6} accepts a valid IP address or a FQDN:
				if (ipv6_mode) {
					tx.ip6_dst = libnet_name2addr6(l, tx.ip_dst_txt, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
					if (libnet_in6_is_error(tx.ip6_dst)) {
						/* libnet_in6_is_error returns 1 for the valid IPv6 address
						* ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff. Use an additional inet_pton()
						* check to cover cases where this address is specified
						* as destination
						*/
						struct in6_addr dst_check;
						if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, tx.ip_dst_txt, &dst_check) != 1) {
							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set destination"
							" IPv6 address. Please check if"
							" source is set to a valid IPv6 address.\n");
							return 1;
						}
					}
				} else {
					tx.ip_dst = libnet_name2addr4(l, tx.ip_dst_txt, LIBNET_RESOLVE);
					if (tx.ip_dst == -1) {
						/* libnet_name2addr4() returns -1 for the valid address 255.255.255.255.
						* Use an additional inet_pton() check to cover case where this address
						* is specified as destination
						*/
						struct in_addr dst_check;
						if (inet_pton(AF_INET, tx.ip_dst_txt, &dst_check) != 1) {
							fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set destination"
								" IPv4 address. Please check if"
								" destination is set to a valid IPv4 address.\n");
								return 1;
						}
					}
				}

			}
		}
		else { // no destination IP specified: by default use broadcast
			if (ipv6_mode) {
				tx.ip6_dst = libnet_name2addr6 (l, "ff02::1", LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
			} else {
				tx.ip_dst = libnet_name2addr4 (l, "255.255.255.255", LIBNET_DONT_RESOLVE);
			}
		}

		// Initialize tx.ip_src_h and tx.ip_dst_h which are used by 'print_frame_details()' 
		// in verbose mode. See 'modifications.c'.

		if (tx.ip_src_rand) { // ip_src_h already given, convert to ip_src
			dum1 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_src_h;
			dum2 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_src;
		}
		else { // ip_src already given, convert to ip_src_h
			if (ipv6_mode) {
				if (tx.ip_src_isrange) {
					tx.ip6_src = tx.ip6_src_start;
				}
			} else {
				dum1 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_src;
				dum2 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_src_h;
			}
		}

		if (ipv6_mode) {
			if (tx.ip_dst_isrange) {
				tx.ip6_dst = tx.ip6_dst_start;
			}
		} else {
			*dum2 = *(dum1+3);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *(dum1+2);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *(dum1+1);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *dum1;

			dum1 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_dst;
			dum2 = (unsigned char*) &tx.ip_dst_h;

			*dum2 = *(dum1+3);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *(dum1+2);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *(dum1+1);
			dum2++;
			*dum2 = *dum1;
		}

		libnet_destroy(l);
	}
   
	//
	// END OF ADDRESS INITIALIZATION
	// 
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


	////// retrieve interface parameters ///////

	for (i=0; i<device_list_entries; i++) {
		get_dev_params(device_list[i].dev);
	}

   
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// 
	//  Mausezahn CLI desired?
	if (mz_port) {
		// has port number been specified?
		if (strlen(tx.arg_string)) {
			mz_port = (int) str2int (tx.arg_string);
		}

		mz_cli_init();
		cli();
	}
   
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	//
	//                 Mode decision
	// 
	// Consider -t and -m option (used exclusively)
	//   -t => special packet types, stateless
	// 
	// If -t not present then evaluate arg_string which must 
	// contain a byte-string in hexadecimal notation.
	// 
	// 
   
	// ***** NEW: MOPS TRANSITION STRATEGY *****
	if (mops_type != NULL) {

		if (mz_strcmp(mops_type,"lldp",4)==0) {
			mops_direct(tx.device, MOPS_LLDP, tx.arg_string);
		}
	}


	if (packet_type == NULL) { // raw hex string given
		mode = BYTE_STREAM;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"arp")==0) {
		mode = ARP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"bpdu")==0) {
		mode = BPDU;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"ip")==0) {
		mode = IP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"udp")==0) {
		mode = UDP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"icmp")==0) {
		mode = ICMP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"icmp6")==0) {
		mode = ICMP6;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"tcp")==0) {
		mode = TCP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"dns")==0) {
		mode = DNS;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"cdp")==0) {
		mode = CDP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"syslog")==0) {
		mode = SYSLOG;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type, "igmp") == 0) {
		mode = IGMP;
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"lldp")==0) {
		mode = LLDP;
		tx.packet_mode=0; // create whole frame by ourself
	}
	else if (strcmp(packet_type,"rtp")==0) {
		if (RX) {
			mode = RX_RTP;
		}
		else {
			mode = RTP;
			if (!count_set) tx.count = 0;  
			if (!delay_set) tx.delay = 20000; // 20 msec inter-packet delay for RTP
		}
	}
	else {
		fprintf(stderr, " mz: you must specify a valid packet type!\n");
	}

   
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////   
   
	// TODO: Implement macro support
	//       Check macro types here 
   
	return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   // These handles are only used when creating L3 and above packets.
   libnet_t             *l;               // the context 
   libnet_ptag_t         t2=0, t3=0, t4=0;      // handles to layers 
   double cpu_time_used;

   reset(); 
   
   if ( getopts(argc, argv) ) 
     {
	(void) fprintf(stderr, " Invalid command line parameters!\n");
	help();
     }

   // Check whether hires timers are supported or not:
   (void) check_timer();

	signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);  // to close all file pointers etc upon SIGINT

   switch (mode)
     {
      case BYTE_STREAM:
	send_eth();
	break;
	
      case ARP:
	(void) send_arp();
	break;
	
      case BPDU:
	(void) send_bpdu();
	break;
	
      case CDP:
	(void) send_cdp();
	break;
	
      case IP:                        // From now on a new much more modular method is used:
	l = get_link_context();
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);     // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)        // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);   // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;
	
      case ICMP:
	tx.ip_proto = 1;  
	l = get_link_context();
	t4 = create_icmp_packet(l);    // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;
	
      case ICMP6:
	tx.ip_proto = 58;
	l = get_link_context();
	t4 = create_icmp6_packet(l);	// t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);	// t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)		// Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);	// t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;

      case UDP:
	tx.ip_proto = 17;
	l = get_link_context();
	t4 = create_udp_packet(l);     // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;

      case TCP:
	tx.ip_proto = 6;
	l = get_link_context();
	t4 = create_tcp_packet(l);     // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;

      case IGMP:
	tx.ip_proto = 2;
	l = get_link_context();
	t4 = create_igmp_packet(l);
	/* t3 can be used for later header changes */
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);
	if (!quiet)
		complexity();

	/* Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst
	 * */
	if (tx.packet_mode == 0)
		t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4); // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
		send_frame(l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;

      case DNS:
	tx.ip_proto = 17;
	l = get_link_context();
	(void) create_dns_packet();
	t4 = create_udp_packet(l);     // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;
	
      case RTP:
	tx.ip_proto = 17;
	l = get_link_context();
	if (!quiet) fprintf(stderr, " mz: RTP mode! (count=%u, delay=%u usec)\n\n", tx.count, tx.delay);
	(void) create_rtp_packet();
	t4 = create_udp_packet(l);     // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();
	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;
	
      case RX_RTP:  // Receive RTP packets
	rcv_rtp_init();
	rcv_rtp();
	break;

      case SYSLOG:
	tx.ip_proto = 17;
	l = get_link_context();
	(void) create_syslog_packet();
	t4 = create_udp_packet(l);     // t4 can be used for later header changes
	t3 = create_ip_packet(l);      // t3 can be used for later header changes
	if (!quiet) complexity();

	if (tx.packet_mode==0)         // Ethernet manipulation features does NOT use ARP to determine eth_dst  
	  t2 = create_eth_frame(l, t3, t4);    // t2 can be used for later header changes
	else
	  send_frame (l, t3, t4); // NOTE: send_frame also destroys context finaly
	break;

      case LLDP: // start with a new concept here
	//l = get_link_context();
	//(void) create_lldp_packet();
	// // // printf("SIZE=%lu\n",sizeof(struct tx_struct));
        fprintf(stderr, "LLDP is currently only supported via the interactive mode\n");
	     exit(1);
	break;

	
      default:
	(void) fprintf(stderr," mz/main: unknown mode! Stop.\n");
	return (1);
     }

   if (!quiet) 
     {
	mz_stop = clock();
	cpu_time_used = ((double) (mz_stop - mz_start)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
	if (cpu_time_used > 0)
	  {
	     total_d /= cpu_time_used;
	     fprintf(stderr, "%.2f seconds (%.Lf packets per second)\n",cpu_time_used,total_d);
	  }
	else
	  {
	     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	  }
     }
   
   return(0);
}