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authorTobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>2008-01-27 11:37:44 +0100
committerTobias Klauser <tklauser@xenon.tklauser.home>2008-01-27 11:37:44 +0100
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+<TITLE>scanf</TITLE>
+<body bgcolor="#ffffcc">
+<hr>
+<pre>
+
+
+
+<h3>SCANF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SCANF(3)
+</h3>
+
+<h3>NAME
+</h3> scanf, fscanf, sscanf, vscanf, vsscanf, vfscanf - input
+ format conversion
+
+<h3>SYNOPSIS
+</h3> #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+ int scanf( const char *format, ...);
+ int fscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
+ int sscanf( const char *str, const char *format, ...);
+
+ #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;
+ int vscanf( const char *format, va_list ap);
+ int vsscanf( const char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
+ int vfscanf( FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
+
+<h3>DESCRIPTION
+</h3> The scanf family of functions scans input according to a
+ format as described below. This format may contain con-
+ version specifiers; the results from such conversions, if
+ any, are stored through the pointer arguments. The scanf
+ function reads input from the standard input stream stdin,
+ fscanf reads input from the stream pointer stream, and
+ sscanf reads its input from the character string pointed
+ to by str.
+
+ The vfscanf function is analogous to vfprintf(3) and reads
+ input from the stream pointer stream using a variable
+ argument list of pointers (see stdarg(3). The vscanf
+ function scans a variable argument list from the standard
+ input and the vsscanf function scans it from a string;
+ these are analogous to the vprintf and vsprintf functions
+ respectively.
+
+ Each successive pointer argument must correspond properly
+ with each successive conversion specifier (but see `sup-
+ pression' below). All conversions are introduced by the %
+ (percent sign) character. The format string may also con-
+ tain other characters. White space (such as blanks, tabs,
+ or newlines) in the format string match any amount of
+ white space, including none, in the input. Everything
+ else matches only itself. Scanning stops when an input
+ character does not match such a format character. Scan-
+ ning also stops when an input conversion cannot be made
+ (see below).
+
+<h3>CONVERSIONS
+</h3> Following the % character introducing a conversion there
+ may be a number of flag characters, as follows:
+
+ * Suppresses assignment. The conversion that follows
+ occurs as usual, but no pointer is used; the result
+ of the conversion is simply discarded.
+
+ h Indicates that the conversion will be one of dioux
+
+
+
+<h3>BSD MANPAGE 29 November 1993 1
+</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>SCANF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SCANF(3)
+</h3>
+
+ or n and the next pointer is a pointer to a short
+ int (rather than int).
+
+ l Indicates either that the conversion will be one of
+ dioux or n and the next pointer is a pointer to a
+ long int (rather than int), or that the conversion
+ will be one of efg and the next pointer is a
+ pointer to double (rather than float).
+
+ L Indicates that the conversion will be efg and the
+ next pointer is a pointer to long double. (This
+ type is not implemented; the L flag is currently
+ ignored--this may not be true for Linux.)
+
+ In addition to these flags, there may be an optional maxi-
+ mum field width, expressed as a decimal integer, between
+ the % and the conversion. If no width is given, a default
+ of `infinity' is used (with one exception, below); other-
+ wise at most this many characters are scanned in process-
+ ing the conversion. Before conversion begins, most con-
+ versions skip white space; this white space is not counted
+ against the field width.
+
+ The following conversions are available:
+
+ % Matches a literal `%'. That is, `%%' in the format
+ string matches a single input `%' character. No
+ conversion is done, and assignment does not occur.
+
+ d Matches an optionally signed decimal integer; the
+ next pointer must be a pointer to int.
+
+ D Equivalent to ld; this exists only for backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+ i Matches an optionally signed integer; the next
+ pointer must be a pointer to int. The integer is
+ read in base 16 if it begins with `0x' or `0X', in
+ base 8 if it begins with `0', and in base 10 other-
+ wise. Only characters that correspond to the base
+ are used.
+
+ o Matches an octal integer; the next pointer must be
+ a pointer to unsigned int.
+
+ O Equivalent to lo; this exists for backwards compat-
+ ibility.
+
+ u Matches an optionally signed decimal integer; the
+ next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.
+
+ x Matches an optionally a signed hexadecimal integer;
+ the next pointer must be a pointer to unsigned int.
+
+
+
+
+<h3>BSD MANPAGE 29 November 1993 2
+</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>SCANF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SCANF(3)
+</h3>
+
+ X Equivalent to lx; this violates the ANSI
+ C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards compati-
+ ble with previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
+ Linux does with this.
+
+ f Matches an optionally signed floating-point number;
+ the next pointer must be a pointer to float.
+
+ e Equivalent to f.
+
+ g Equivalent to f.
+
+ E Equivalent to lf; this violates the ANSI
+ C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'') but is backwards compati-
+ ble with previous UNIX systems--I don't know what
+ Linux does with this.
+
+ F Equivalent to lf; this exists only for backwards
+ compatibility.
+
+ s Matches a sequence of non-white-space characters;
+ the next pointer must be a pointer to char, and the
+ array must be large enough to accept all the
+ sequence and the terminating NUL character. The
+ input string stops at white space or at the maximum
+ field width, whichever occurs first.
+
+ c Matches a sequence of width count characters
+ (default 1); the next pointer must be a pointer to
+ char, and there must be enough room for all the
+ characters (no terminating NUL is added). The
+ usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
+ To skip white space first, use an explicit space in
+ the format.
+
+ [ Matches a nonempty sequence of characters from the
+ specified set of accepted characters; the next
+ pointer must be a pointer to char, and there must
+ be enough room for all the characters in the
+ string, plus a terminating NUL character. The
+ usual skip of leading white space is suppressed.
+ The string is to be made up of characters in (or
+ not in) a particular set; the set is defined by the
+ characters between the open bracket [ character and
+ a close bracket ] character. The set excludes
+ those characters if the first character after the
+ open bracket is a circumflex ^. To include a close
+ bracket in the set, make it the first character
+ after the open bracket or the circumflex; any other
+ position will end the set. The hyphen character -
+ is also special; when placed between two other
+ characters, it adds all intervening characters to
+ the set. To include a hyphen, make it the last
+ character before the final close bracket. For
+
+
+
+<h3>BSD MANPAGE 29 November 1993 3
+</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>SCANF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SCANF(3)
+</h3>
+
+ instance, `[^]0-9-]' means the set `everything
+ except close bracket, zero through nine, and
+ hyphen'. The string ends with the appearance of a
+ character not in the (or, with a circumflex, in)
+ set or when the field width runs out.
+
+ p Matches a pointer value (as printed by `%p' in
+ printf(3); the next pointer must be a pointer to
+ void.
+
+ n Nothing is expected; instead, the number of charac-
+ ters consumed thus far from the input is stored
+ through the next pointer, which must be a pointer
+ to int. This is not a conversion, although it can
+ be suppressed with the * flag.
+
+ For backwards compatibility, other conversion characters
+ (except `\0') are taken as if they were `%d' or, if upper-
+ case, `%ld', and a `conversion' of `%\0' causes an immedi-
+ ate return of EOF. The F and X conversions will be
+ changed in the future to conform to the
+ ANSI C standard, after which they will act like and
+ respectively. The behavior of Linux on the non-standard
+ points is not known by this documenter.
+
+
+<h3>RETURN VALUES
+</h3> These functions return the number of input items assigned,
+ which can be fewer than provided for, or even zero, in the
+ event of a matching failure. Zero indicates that, while
+ there was input available, no conversions were assigned;
+ typically this is due to an invalid input character, such
+ as an alphabetic character for a `%d' conversion. The
+ value EOF is returned if an input failure occurs before
+ any conversion such as an end-of-file occurs. If an error
+ or end-of-file occurs after conversion has begun, the num-
+ ber of conversions which were successfully completed is
+ returned.
+
+</pre>
+<hr>
+<h3>SEE ALSO
+</h3><p>
+<a href=strtol.htm>strtol</a>,
+<a href=strtoul.htm>strtoul</a>,
+<a href=strtod.htm>strtod</a>,
+<a href=getc.htm>getc</a>,
+<a href=printf.htm>printf</a>,
+<pre>
+
+<h3>STANDARDS
+</h3> The functions fscanf, scanf, and sscanf conform to ANSI
+ C3.159-1989 (``ANSI C'').
+
+<h3>BUGS
+</h3> Differences for Linux are not known at this time. The
+ following is for the BSD version:
+
+ The current situation with %F and %X conversions is unfor-
+ tunate.
+
+ All of the backwards compatibility formats will be removed
+
+
+
+<h3>BSD MANPAGE 29 November 1993 4
+</h3>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>SCANF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SCANF(3)
+</h3>
+
+ in the future.
+
+ Numerical strings are truncated to 512 characters; for
+ example, %f and %d are implicitly %512f and %512d.
+
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+<h3>BSD MANPAGE 29 November 1993 5
+</h3>
+
+ </pre>
+<P>
+<hr>
+<p>
+<center>
+<table border=2 width=80%>
+<tr align=center>
+<td width=25%>
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+</table>
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+
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